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Cube Notation

Cube notation is the short alphabet every solution, scramble and algorithm is written in. Six letters name the faces, two marks change the direction and amount, and a few more letters cover slices, double layers and turning the whole cube. This page explains all of it, and the Learn tab of 6E Cube Game lets you tap each move and watch it happen.

Updated 2 November 2026

The six faces

Hold the cube still and name the faces by where they are, not by colour. The names stay the same even when the colours move, which is the whole point: an algorithm written for U, R and F works from any grip.

LetterNameTurnsCentre in the app
UUpthe top layerwhite (in the standard scheme)
DDownthe bottom layeryellow
RRightthe right layerred
LLeftthe left layerorange
FFrontthe layer facing yougreen
BBackthe layer facing awayblue

Direction and amount

A letter on its own means one quarter turn clockwise, judged as if you were looking straight at that face. Two marks modify it:

  • ' (an apostrophe, read as “prime”) means anticlockwise: R' is the right layer turned anticlockwise from the right-hand side.
  • 2 means a half turn: U2 turns the top layer 180 degrees. Direction does not matter.

The tricky ones are the faces you cannot see. B is clockwise when viewed from behind, so from the front it looks anticlockwise. D is clockwise when viewed from below, so from above it looks anticlockwise. L is clockwise from the left, so from the front its top edge moves towards you. If a sequence refuses to work, one of these three is usually the culprit.

Slice moves: M, E and S

The three middle layers have their own letters. Their directions follow a neighbouring face, which is easy to forget:

LetterLayerDirection
MMiddle, between L and RSame way as L
EEquator, between U and DSame way as D
SStanding, between F and BSame way as F

M2 E2 S2 gives the chessboard pattern; the Learn tab has it as a demo.

Wide moves: two layers at once

A lower-case letter, or a capital with a w, turns a face together with the slice next to it: r or Rw is R and M together, u is U and E together, and so on. Direction follows the face. Wide moves are common in advanced last-layer algorithms because they are fast to finger.

Rotations: x, y and z

These turn the whole cube in your hands without changing the puzzle. They borrow their directions from faces:

  • x rotates the whole cube like R (the front goes to the top).
  • y rotates the whole cube like U (the right face comes to the front).
  • z rotates the whole cube like F (the top goes to the right).

x', y2 and the rest follow the usual rules. The 6E Cube Game solver never needs rotations, but many algorithms begin with one.

Reading a sequence

Moves are separated by spaces and read left to right: R U R' U' is right clockwise, top clockwise, right anticlockwise, top anticlockwise. Brackets group a repeated trigger, so (R U R' U') x3 means do the four moves three times. Scrambles are written the same way; the timer on the start page shows one before every solve.

Two habits make notation second nature: keep the same grip for a whole sequence, and say each move as you do it. The algorithms page is a good place to practise, and the trainer shows any move you are unsure of.

FAQ

Notation questions

Clockwise from which side?+

Always as if you were looking straight at that face. So B (back) clockwise looks anticlockwise from the front, and D (bottom) clockwise looks anticlockwise from above.

What is the difference between R' and R2?+

R' (say "R prime") is one quarter turn anticlockwise. R2 is a half turn, 180 degrees, and direction does not matter because both ways end in the same place.

Do slice moves count as one move?+

It depends on the metric. In the half-turn metric used for solutions and God's number, M is two moves (R and L' with a rotation). Speedcubers count what is convenient for finger tricks.

Which letters are upper case and which lower case?+

Face moves and slices are upper case (U R F D L B M E S). Wide moves are lower case (u r f d l b) or written with a w (Uw, Rw). Whole-cube rotations are lower case x, y, z.

Ready to turn?

Every move on this page is a key in the Learn tab. Tap one and watch the layer turn.

Open the trainer

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